People suffer heat-related illness when the body’s temperature control system is overloaded. The body normally cools itself by sweating. However, under some conditions, sweating just isn’t enough. In such cases, a person’s body temperature rises rapidly. Very high body temperatures may damage the brain or other vital organs.

Most heat illnesses occur from staying out in the heat too long. Exercising too much for your age and physical condition are also factors. Anyone can succumb to the heat if one does not take appropriate precautions when exposed to extreme heat, especially during heavy exertion. Those who are particularly susceptible are older adults, infants and children and people with chronic medical conditions.

Heat-related illnesses include:

- Heatstroke – a life-threatening illness in which body temperature may rise above 106 degrees F in minutes; symptoms include dry skin, rapid, strong pulse and dizziness

- Heat exhaustion – an illness that can precede heatstroke; symptoms include heavy sweating, rapid breathing and a fast, weak pulse

- Heat cramps – muscle pains or spasms that happen during heavy exercise

- Heat rash – skin irritation from excessive sweating

To prevent heat illnesses:

- Drink plenty of water or other cool beverages frequently BEFORE you are thirsty. Avoid alcoholic, caffeinated and sugary beverages.

- Wear loose, lightweight and light-colored clothing. Avoid non-breathable synthetic clothing.

- Block out direct sun and other heat sources.

- Check on people who are at increased risk for heat-related illnesses, such as elderly loved ones and neighbors.

- Monitor your physical condition and yourself for signs or symptoms of heat illnesses.

- Gradually build up to heavy work. If possible, limit strenuous activity and exercise to early morning or evening, when temperatures are lower.

- Take breaks in the shade or a cool area

If someone is not alert or seems confused, this may be a heat stroke. Call 911 immediately and apply ice as soon as possible.

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Additional information is available by contacting Janell at the Chouteau County Extension Office at 622-3036, janellb@montana.edu or in the Chouteau County Courthouse at 1308 Franklin St in Fort Benton.